Active Form
In active sentences, the thing doing the action is the
subject of the sentence and the thing receiving the action is the object. Most
sentences are active.
[Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action]
Examples:
Passive Form
In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the
subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included
near the end of the sentence. You can use the passive form if you think that
the thing receiving the action is more important or should be emphasized. You
can also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing the action or if
you do not want to mention who is doing the action.
[Thing receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb]
+ [by] + [thing doing action]
Examples:
Active / Passive Overview
Active
|
Passive
|
|
Simple Present
|
Once a week, Tom cleans the house.
|
Once a week, the house is cleaned by Tom.
|
Present Continuous
|
Right now, Sarah is writing the letter.
|
Right now, the letter is being written by Sarah.
|
Simple Past
|
Sam repaired the car.
|
The car was repaired by Sam.
|
Past Continuous
|
The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store.
|
The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came
into the store.
|
Present Perfect
|
Many tourists have visited that castle.
|
That castle has been visited by many tourists.
|
Present Perfect Continuous
|
Recently, John has been doing the work.
|
Recently, the work has been being done by John.
|
Past Perfect
|
George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's
license.
|
Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his
mechanic's license.
|
Past Perfect Continuous
|
Chef Jones had been preparing the restaurant's fantastic dinners for
two years before he moved to Paris.
|
The restaurant's fantastic dinners had been being prepared by Chef
Jones for two years before he moved to Paris.
|
Simple Future
Will
|
Someone will finish the work by 5:00 PM.
|
The work will be finished by 5:00 PM.
|
Simple Future
Be going to
|
Sally is going to make a beautiful dinner tonight.
|
A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight.
|
Future Continuous
Will
|
At 8:00 PM tonight, John will be washing the
dishes
|
At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will be being
washed by John.
|
Future Continuous
be going to
|
At 8:00 PM tonight, John is going to be washing
the dishes.
|
At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes are going to be
being washed by John.
|
Future Perfect
will
|
They will have completed the project before the
deadline.
|
The project will have been completed before the
deadline.
|
Future Perfect
be going to
|
They are going to have completed the project
before the deadline.
|
The project is going to have been completed before
the deadline
|
Future Perfect Continuous
will
|
The famous artist will have been painting the
mural for over six months by the time it is finished.
|
The mural will have been being painted by the
famous artist for over six months by the time it is finished.
|
Future Perfect Continuous
be going to
|
The famous artist is going to have been painting
the mural for over six months by the time it is finished.
|
The mural is going to have been being painted by
the famous artist for over six months by the time it is finished.
|
Used to
|
Jerry used to pay the bills.
|
The bills used to be paid by Jerry.
|
Would Always
|
My mother would always make the pies.
|
The pies would always be made by my mother.
|
Future in the Past
Would
|
I knew John would finish the work by 5:00 PM.
|
I knew the work would be finished by 5:00 PM.
|
Future in the Past
Was Going to
|
I thought Sally was going to make a beautiful
dinner tonight.
|
I thought a beautiful dinner was going to be made
by Sally tonight.
|
The Making of A Dayak
Shaman
The
Dayak or Dyak or Dayuh are the native people of Borneo. It is a loose term for
over 200 riverine and hill-dwelling ethnic subgroups, located principally in
the interior of Borneo, each with its own dialect, customs, laws, territory and
culture, although common distinguishing traits are readily identifiable. For
the Dayak Samanakng community in Ketapang , West Kalimantan, a visit to the
local shaman, or boretn, has been a tradition for centuries.Although several
community health centers (Puskesmas) have opened in the last twenty years,
people still believe that the boretn, who typically use traditional herbs and
mantras to preserve well-being, can heal a variety of ailments, from those
induced by black magic to severe disease. A visit to the boretn is also less
expensive than the doctor. Becoming a shaman, however, is not an easy thing.
Applicants must receive the blessings of the duata, or local gods; abstain from
eating certain meats; and meditate at a sacred place to accumulate magic power.
Antonius Rema, 67, an elder of Paser village in Simpang Hulu, details some
additional requirements. “He must have studied mantras with senior shamans from
other villages for at least 10 years .He must prove that he has healed many
patients. As such, he will be worthy of being a reliable and trustworthy shaman
— after completing a series of ordination ceremonies,
locally known as the boretn barumpe. ”Another elder, Yohanis Akim, 78,
discussed the case of one aspirant, Enold, 35, who recently completed his
probation as prospective shaman and was prepared to be ordained. Akim, as the
host of the ordination ceremony, together with Enold, had to meet with the
other shamans in Paser to determine the exact time for the ceremony and the
additional tests to be given the would-be boretn.A host of sacrificial items is
needed to ensure the proper ordination of a boretn. “Once the senior shamans
have determined things, then we have to immediately ready all requirements and
necessities,” Akim said. Preparations would take at least a month and would
cost around Rp20 million (US$1,755). Enold also needed the approval of his
relatives, the village’s formal and customary chiefs and its young people
before proceeding. To start, a traditional hall, or balai, was erected outside
the village’s main house. The balai featured seven stairs, each measuring 32
square meters. Either side of the balai was decorated with the leaves of
rajaking orchids, banyan and coconut leaves, areca flowers and colorful
fabrics. Pineapples were placed on top of the seventh stair as a crown.
Meanwhile, in the living room of the main house were four big brown trays
containing a host of offerings: Boiled chickens, pieces of pork, the fresh
blood of chickens and pigs, chicken feet, incense, betel leaves and nuts,
cigarettes, traditional silver bracelets, old coins, yellow rice, cups of arak
liquor, tuak fermented sticky rice, white chicken feathers and oil lamps.A
taman — a bamboo post decorated with banyan tree and areca leaves and other
magic decorations — was in the middle of the room, adorned with pleated bamboo
and filled with offerings including wax, a large boiled chicken, areca nuts,
rice flakes and incense. Enold’s ordination lasted for three days. The pabayu,
or ceremonial assistants, wait to assist the shaman during the ordination.The
first day began with angalu ceremony. Enold was accompanied by Ilu, Aser and
Nyana — all senior boretn — and six pabayu assistants, among others, on first
stair of the balai.His relatives and Akim, as host, stood in a row to present
cups of arak and tuak to Enold and his entourage to drink.A few minutes later,
the senior boretn were seen chewing betel nuts and smoking while reciting
mantras to exorcise evil spirits.Two stamped their feet while singing and strewing
yellow rice and sprinkling holy water on Enold. Enold and the senior boretn
went up to the second stair and sat cross-legged, facing the offerings.They
cast a spell to call spirits. A moment later, Enold stood up holding an areca
flower, closing his eyes to exorcise evil spirits.At the same time, Ilu circled
the taman in the living room, accompanied by the pabayu, who banged gongs and
drums while singing mantras. Ilu went out to the terrace to stab a pig. Its
fresh blood was collected in a small bamboo container. Throughout the second
day, Enold circled the taman flanked by the senior boretn. He healed a sick
woman, extracting what appeared to be a nail from her stomach. Soon Enold sat
down, leaning on the wall. Aser showered him with holy water before Enold faded
into a trance. Aser and the other boretn in turn touched Enold, head to toe,
with 100 areca flowers. Finally, Enold regained consciousness. The pabayu, or
ceremonial assistants, wait to assist the shaman during the ordination. The
third day saw the culmination of procession on the seventh stairs. The boretn
circled the pigs and chickens while carrying traditional machetes as Enold and
his family stood underneath, waiting to be bathed in sacrificial blood. The
pigs were stabbed with a poisoned knife and the chickens were butchered. Enold
stood under the flow, followed by the other attendees. “Bathing in the blood of
pigs and chickens signify that a boretn and his family have been purified from
disease and all misfortune,” Aser said. “Accepting the touch of 100 areca
flowers from head to toe several times by senior boretn signifies that the
prospective boretn is ordained officially as a true boretn.”He continued with
some advice for the new initiate. “Enold should be faithful to his calling. He
should not hurt people, but help and treat people sincerely without asking for
things in return.” One of the youths in the village, Yogi Pusa, 21, said: “This
ordination ceremony is a very rare event. Such an event happens once over
decades.”
http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/03/26/the-making-a-dayak-shaman.html
Active
1. The
Dayak or Dyak or Dayuh are the native people of Borneo.
The subject of
the sentence is people and as a native is verb. This type of sentences is simple
present and the pattern is s+ v (s/ es) +o
2. He must prove that he has healed
many patients.
This sentence is
called active voice because he as a subject of a sentence doing action, And as
a verb is prove who doing action. This type of sentence is present perfect and
the pattern of present perfect is S+ has/have+v3
3. The balai featured seven stairs, each
measuring 32 square meters.
The sentence
above called active voice because the balai as a subject , and verb is featured.
The balai as a subject doing action and featured as a verb and measuring as the
object receiving action.
4. The first day began with angalu
ceremony.
This sentence called active voice because the subject
in this sentence the first day and the verb is began. This type of sentence is
simple past with pattern s+v2+o.
5. They cast a spell to call spirits.
The sentence above called active voice because the
subject of the sentence is they which one doing action and as a verb is call
who doing action. This type of sentence is simple present and the pattern of
simple present is s + v (s/es) + o
Passive
1. Pineapples were placed on top of the
seventh stair as a crown.
The sentence is passive voice because pinepples as a
thing receiving action, were placed as a passive verb and as a crown is doing
action. This sentence include in simple past.
2. Enold was accompanied by Ilu, Aser
and Nyana — all senior boretn — and six pabayu assistants, among others, on
first stair of the balai.
The sentence above is also passive voice. Because
Enold as the subject receiving action. Was accompanied used is passive verb.
And by Ilu is doing action. This sentence is simple past because the pattern of
simple past is o+ was/were+v3+o
3. A few minutes later, the senior
boretn were seen chewing betel nuts and smoking while reciting mantras to
exorcise evil spirits.
The sentence is passive voice because a few minutes
later as a thing receiving action, were seen as a passive verb and as evil
spirits is doing action .
4.
Its fresh blood was collected in a small bamboo container.
The sentence
above is passive voice because its fresh blood as a thing receiving action, was
collect as a passive verb and as a small bamboo container is doing action. This
sentence is simple past because o+ was/were+v3+s.
5.
The pigs were stabbed with a poisoned knife and the chickens
were butchered.
The sentence is passive voice too because the pigs as a thing receiving
action, were stabbed as a passive verb and as a poisoned knife is doing action.
Name : Febi Fadillah
Class : 4SA05
Npm : 19611141
Subject of study : Pembelajaran bahasa inggris berbantuan komputer (softskill)
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