Direct and Indirect Speech

WHO: Ebola vaccine trials in W. Africa in January

GENEVA (AP) — The hunt for an Ebola vaccine will produce data soon about whether two experimental vaccines are safe and could lead to larger medical trials in West Africa by January, a top World Health Organization official said Tuesday.

Dr Marie Paule Kieny, an assistant director general for WHO, said clinical trials either planned or underway in Europe, Africa and the U.S. are expected to produce preliminary safety data by December. In the meantime, she said, governments are pushing for immediate "real-world use" of an approved Ebola vaccine.

She told reporters Tuesday in Geneva there are two leading candidates for a vaccine. If the vaccines are deemed safe, tens of thousands of doses will be used in trials in West Africa beginning in January to test their effectiveness, she said.

One of those vaccines, developed by the U.S. National Institutes of Health and Glaxo Smith Kline from a modified chimpanzee cold virus and an Ebola protein, is in clinical trials in the U.K. and in Mali. It will be used in clinical trials in Lausanne, Switzerland, by the start of February.

The second front-runner, developed by the Public Health Agency of Canada and known as VSV-EBOV, has been sent to the U.S. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research in Maryland for testing on healthy volunteers, with results expected by December. The next stage would be to test it more broadly, including among those directly handling Ebola cases in West Africa.

Canada has donated 800 vials of the experimental vaccine to WHO but the shipment was delayed by a Lufthansa pilots strike. It is now expected to arrive in Switzerland on Wednesday for testing coordinated by the U.N. health agency among volunteers at the University Hospital of Geneva, and volunteers in Hamburg, Germany, and in Gabon and Kenya, Kieny said.

"These data are absolutely crucial to allow decision-making on what dose level should go in the efficacy testing in Africa," she said, referring to plans for the broader testing starting in 2015.

At a separate news conference, WHO spokeswoman Fadela Chaib promised a thorough public audit of the agency's early missteps in responding to the Ebola outbreak that has already killed over 4,500 people.

"There is certainly a wish and a will to have this review," she said. "We know many elements need to be explained in the future. ... WHO will do that, but in the future; now our focus is on the response."

Source :

http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/WHO-Ebola-vaccine-trials-in-West-Africa-in-5837926.php

Analysis of Direct and Indirect Speech :

Statement

1.                              Direct :

              "These data are absolutely crucial to allow decision-making on what dose level should go in  the efficacy testing in Africa," she said

Indirect :

She said that these data are absolutely crucial to allow decision-making on what dose        level should go in the efficacy testing in Africa

Analysis :

In the indirect sentence between reporting verb and the reported word connected by         conjunction.

2.        

                Direct :

"There is certainly a wish and a will to have this review," she said

Indirect :

She said that there was certainly a wish and a will to had this review.

Analysis :

We use indirect speech,sometimes called Reported speech,to tell someone what another person says or said.

Question

1.      Direct :

 He asked: “Does she live in London?“

Indirect :

He asked if she lived in London

Analysis :

Use an indirect question in reported speech, i.e. after the interrogative or ‚whether‘ / ‚if‘ you continue the sentence as if it were a statement (subject-verb etc.). The auxiliary verb ‚do‘ is not used in indirect questions.

2.      Direct :

“Did you enjoy the party?”

Indirect :

She asked me whether I’d enjoyed the party.

Analysis :

The tense of the verb changes as it does in reported speech but we don’t use auxiliary verbs. The word order is the same as in an affirmative sentence.

    

 Imperative

1.      Direct:

He said to me, "What are you doing?"

Indirect:

He entreated me what I was doing

Analysis :

In order to change an imperative sentence into the indirect speech, we use a to-infinitive. A -that clause is also possible in some cases.

2.      Direct:

Farhat said,”let us enjoy ourselves for an hour first.”

Indirect:

 Farhat proposed that we should enjoy ourselves for an hour first.

                 

                  Analysis :

      Let is changed imto should or might and the reporting verb,if need be is changed into proposed.

  Febi Fadillah

  4SA05

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